In 2008, Krauskopf examined IVC diameter via ultrasound in prone subjects with weight up to 25kg placed on the lower torso. 24 The study showed that weight force applied to the lower torso leads to significant decreases in diameter and maximum blood flow in the IVC and minimal decreases in cardiac index and output. Other cardiac parameters were not affected, and the authors suggested that increased weight, which would be more likely to be encountered during an active restraint, could lead to more clinically significant outcomes. Ho et al. performed a similar experiment in 2011 with weights of 45kg and 67kg applied to the upper torso of prone patients. 25 The study showed significant decreases in IVC diameter with addition of weight, but no changes in vital signs. The authors inferred that cardiac output may be decreased, presuming decreased venous return, but did not measure these values directly. The hobble can be tied in several variations — to the handcuffs, but also to the waist. Experts say the person should immediately be turned on their side, and not left facedown, which is dangerous. Many positional restraint experiments exclusively include healthy subjects without preexisting health conditions. In 2004, Meredith et al. measured the effects of prone positioning on subjects with a history of COPD. 29 Interestingly, of the eight subjects that were recruited to the study, only five were able to tolerate the prone position. Three subjects could not tolerate the prone position for 10min and were removed from the study due to breathlessness, wheezing, and desaturation, respectively. Of the five that did complete the study, there were no significant changes in FVC or FEV1 noted in the prone position. Despite its small sample size, the study concluded that the response to restraint in COPD patients is highly individual and invited future research into subject. Kelly has retained counsel, the same lawyer who is representing Elijah McClain’s family in its ongoing suit against the city and city employees.

The study demonstrated a decline in spirometry performance across several variations of prone positioning, although the values were not considered clinically relevant. But in Charlotte, North Carolina; Columbus, Ohio; Houston and Indianapolis, officers are allowed to restrain a person in this manner in certain circumstances or with certain provisions. End-tidal CO2 was measured in seven studies, all of which found no clinically relevant effects. Weight was added to subjects in two of these seven papers. Overall, the Hogtied category is a great way to explore your kinks and fetishes in a safe and consensual way. Whether you're into soft bondage or hardcore BDSM, you'll find something to suit your tastes in this category. So why not give it a try and see what all the fuss is about?. Kelly has retained counsel, the same lawyer who is representing Elijah McClain's family in its ongoing suit against the city and city employees.

Marcus’ mother, Mary Smith, said she does not believe police intended to kill her son. They were negligent, treated her son like a throwaway, she said, and should be convicted of manslaughter. Although the study found no significant differences in the tested parameters, 3 subjects were excluded as they experienced clinical decline while prone. But there is no federal standardized way to use the hobble and there are various points within the process where an error could be deadly. Departments have used different policies; some allowed the hands and feet to be tied together, while others instructed the cuffs to be attached to a belt around the waist. The tying of the hobble, the positioning of the person, and their subsequent transport can all contribute to injury or death. For two years, officials have fought the case vigorously and have denied wrongdoing or a cover-up in court filings and in depositions. They have argued that the restraint was appropriate in light of the safety risk Smith posed to himself or others.

The Hogtied category is all about the art of bondage and domination. Here, you'll find videos of women being tied up and forced to submit to their partners' desires. The category features a wide range of content, from soft bondage to hardcore BDSM. Whether you're into rope bondage, handcuffs, or leather restraints, you'll find something to suit your tastes in this category.As a Greensboro music festival wound down in the early hours of Sept. 8, 2018, Marcus Smith approached a group of eight white police officers on traffic duty and ran frantically from officer to officer, begging for help.